{"id":2972,"date":"2024-01-27T14:21:06","date_gmt":"2024-01-27T14:21:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/journal.ziu-university.net\/?p=2972"},"modified":"2024-01-27T14:21:07","modified_gmt":"2024-01-27T14:21:07","slug":"%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%ae%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%81%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%ae%d8%b7%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/?p=2972","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 1095 : (\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627 )"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629: <\/strong>\u0645\u0628\u0639\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0646 – \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u064a\u0646 – \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 – \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0633\u0629 –  \u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646\u0632\u0627 .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Abstract:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The use of psychological warfare in the speech of Pope Urban II in1095\u00a0 (the Council of Claremont as an example)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Urban II’s speech at the Council of Clermont in 1099   was an important event in the history of psychological warfare. The aim of a speech delivered by Urban II, the leader of a powerful kingdom, was to influence the minds and emotions of his audience to achieve specific strategic goals. Psychological warfare involved the use of psychological warfare. The speech was delivered in this context, as Urban II sought to raise the morale of his forces while sowing doubt and fear among his opponents. Urban II used various rhetorical strategies to achieve the goals of psychological warfare. He used persuasive language, vivid images, and appeals to emotion to instill a sense of unity, purpose, and righteousness among his followers. At the same time, he sought to portray his enemies as formidable and cruel, aiming to create a sense of dread and uncertainty among them , Along with fear and intimidation, fear and intimidation were among the main themes of Orb\u00e1n’s second speech. He strategically emphasized the strength and ruthlessness of his forces while portraying his opponents as ruthless and unforgiving. In doing so, he aimed to instill fear in the hearts of his enemies, and create a psychological advantage for his forces. In addition to fear tactics, Orb\u00e1n II’s speech focused on mobilizing his forces and promoting a sense of unity and purpose. He used rhetoric extolling the virtues of loyalty, courage, and sacrifice, with the aim of rallying his troops to an unwavering commitment to their cause.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Keywords<\/strong>. Envoys. Aristocrats. Normans. Countess. Piacenza.                                                      <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f : <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 : \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627<\/p>\n\r\n\t\t

\r\n\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

<\/h4>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
<\/i>\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/span><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646: <\/strong>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 !<\/small>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t
<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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