{"id":3154,"date":"2024-04-30T09:16:34","date_gmt":"2024-04-30T09:16:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/journal.ziu-university.net\/?p=3154"},"modified":"2024-04-30T09:16:35","modified_gmt":"2024-04-30T09:16:35","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b2%d9%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/?p=3154","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 The Strategic Options for Addressing the Political Crisis in Sudan"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 (2018\/2019) \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646\/\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629) \u0641\u064a 15 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644\/\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 2023\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629&nbsp; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0640\u0640\u0629. \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 (\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627) \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2011. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645&nbsp; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Abstract:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\">The political crisis that Sudan had undergone in the post-Al-Bashir&#8217;s Islamists&#8217; regime transitional period (2019-2023) that ended in a war (15.4.2023) which broke out between the Sudan&#8217;s Army and the Rapid Defense Forces that resulted in genocide and damaged the state, entails a deep thinking for adopting a suitable political system for the country. The transitional government \u2013 beset by so many challenges and conspiracies \u2013 failed to work out a road plan to overcome the disputes among the conflicting players in the political scene that impeded peaceful democratic transition and culminated into war. Consequently, the quest of a suitable system of governance for Sudan is a top priority for tackling this acute and chronic political crisis in Sudan. Addressing such a crisis is crucial for bringing about stability for peaceful democratic transition. Therefore, a comprehensive strategic vision is needed to eradicate the root causes of conflict and instability. Among these is the proper management of diversity by drawing lessons from similar experiences in the world that have similar \u2013 and even greater&nbsp; &#8211; diversity but succeeded in the process of national integration and building one unified national identity. It is obvious that the failure in managing diversity produced political crisis and, hence, political instability, mutiny and wars as with the case of Darfur and the South which seceded in July 2011 after a plebiscite. Therefore, the crisis of government in Sudan would remain the greatest crisis. This necessitates adopting a suitable system of government in Sudan that could achieve peace and stability. This research suggests the adoption of consensual democracy (consociationalism), along with elections on the base of proportional representation and presidential system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Key words<\/strong>: System of government, political system, strategic options, democracy, consociationalism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f : <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0631\/ \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0647\u0640 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0640\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n\r\n\t\t<div class=\"review_wrap\">\r\n\t\t\t<div id=\"review-box\" class=\"review-box review-bottom review-stars\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-summary\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-final-score\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span title=\"\" class=\"post-large-rate stars-large\"><span style=\"width:0%\"><\/span><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><\/h4>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-short-summary\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1-Mx7zEotZaPdXdzfClk4YwoIWnaydSBt\/view?usp=drive_link\" class=\"taq-button taq-medium taq-square taq-flat\" style=\"background-color:#a0ce4e\" target=\"_blank\"><i class=\"fa fa-download\"><\/i><span class=\"button-text\">\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/span><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"user-rate-wrap\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"user-rating-text\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<strong>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646: <\/strong>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"taq-score\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<small>\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 !<\/small>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<div data-rate=\"0\" data-id=\"3154\" class=\"user-rate taq-user-rate-active\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"user-rate-image post-large-rate stars-large\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"width:0%\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"taq-clear\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 (2018\/2019) \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 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