{"id":3250,"date":"2024-06-24T20:48:01","date_gmt":"2024-06-24T20:48:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/journal.ziu-university.net\/?p=3250"},"modified":"2024-06-24T20:48:02","modified_gmt":"2024-06-24T20:48:02","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%83-%d9%88%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%87%d9%85-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d8%b4%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a4%d8%b3%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/?p=3250","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u064e"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0651\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644\u064f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0651\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u0650 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u0650 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u064e \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u0650\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632\u064f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0651\u0629\u0650 \u0645\u0650\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629\u0650 (648-922\u0647\/1215-1517\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u064f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064e \u0648\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0627\u0645\u0650.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u064e \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u0650 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064f\u0651\u0631\u0650\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0650 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0650 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u0650 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u064e\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0650\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0652 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0636\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u0650.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0642\u0627\u0645\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0650\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0634\u0623\u0629\u064f\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064f\u0643\u0645\u0650\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0648\u0621\u0650 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0650 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0650\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u064f \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u064e \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064e\u0651\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u064e \u0647\u0627\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0629\u064d \u0648\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u064d \u062d\u0648\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u0650 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u064e\u060c \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064f\u0651\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0623\u200c.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0643\u0634\u0641\u064f \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u0650 \u0639\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0650 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0650 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u064e \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0652 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0631\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u064f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u064f \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0629\u064b\u060c \u062d\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u064e\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062c\u062f\u064f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632\u064e \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u064f\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u0650 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u0650 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064f\u0651\u063a\u0648\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u0650.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u200c.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064f \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0648\u0621\u0650 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0648\u0631\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0628\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0650 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u0650 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u0650 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u064e \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u0650\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0646\u0650 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064c \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0650 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u0650\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0648\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u0650 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u0650 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u0650.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064e \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u064d \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0651\u0639\u0629\u064d\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a\u064f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u064f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u064f\u060c \u0648\u0633\u062a\u064f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064e\u0639 \u062a\u0644\u0643\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064f \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u0650 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u064e \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u064f\u062f\u0631\u064e\u0633 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0637\u0648\u064f\u0651\u0631\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u0650\u060c \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u064f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064f \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u0650 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u064e \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0650 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u064e \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0650\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u0650 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0650 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u064f: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u064f\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u064f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u064f\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064f \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0650\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u064f.\u2003<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\">&nbsp;ABSTRACT<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0This research includes a detailed study of educational institutions in the city of Nablus during the Mamluk period, and focuses on the period extending from the year (648-922 AH \/ 1215-1517 AD), which is the period in which the Mamluk state ruled in Egypt and the Levant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0 The research dealt with various aspects of scientific life and its development, such as the role of the Mamluk sultans in the scientific movement in Nablus, types of education, and educational institutions that contributed to the scientific renaissance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\">a.\u00a0The results of the research revealed the flourishing of the life of science in Nablus during the Mamluk era, as educational and scientific institutions developed significantly, until schools, mosques, and zawiyas became centers for the exchange of knowledge and the development of religious and linguistic sciences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\">b.\u00a0The research contributed to shedding light on the prominent role played by the Mamluk sultans in enriching scientific life in the city of Nablus during the Mamluk period. The sultans had a great influence in encouraging science and consolidating cultural values, and they adopted policies supportive of educational and scientific institutions in the city.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\">The research relied on various historical sources, including documents, manuscripts, and literary and historical references. These sources will be reviewed to understand the scientific environment in Nablus during the Mamluk era, and their impact on scientific development in the city will be studied, with the aim of shedding light on the role of Nablus as an important scientific and cultural center Mamluk era And understanding the development of scientific life in the city during that period. The results and analyzes will contribute to enriching knowledge about the history of Nablus and its influence on culture and science during the Middle Ages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\">Keywords: Scientific life, Nablus, the Mamluk era, the role of the Mamluk sultans, educational institutions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f : <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u063a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0648<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0648<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n\r\n\t\t<div class=\"review_wrap\">\r\n\t\t\t<div id=\"review-box\" class=\"review-box review-bottom review-stars\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-summary\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-final-score\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span title=\"\" class=\"post-large-rate stars-large\"><span style=\"width:0%\"><\/span><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><\/h4>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-short-summary\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1lV6ROxlgPYDeyr6HQOb-srgOxEY3_hS6\/view?usp=drive_link\" class=\"taq-button taq-medium taq-square taq-flat\" style=\"background-color:#a0ce4e\" target=\"_blank\"><i class=\"fa fa-download\"><\/i><span class=\"button-text\">\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/span><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"user-rate-wrap\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"user-rating-text\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<strong>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646: <\/strong>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"taq-score\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<small>\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 !<\/small>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<div data-rate=\"0\" data-id=\"3250\" class=\"user-rate taq-user-rate-active\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"user-rate-image post-large-rate stars-large\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"width:0%\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"taq-clear\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0651\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b: \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644\u064f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0651\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u0650 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u0650 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u064e \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u0650\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632\u064f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0651\u0629\u0650 \u0645\u0650\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629\u0650 (648-922\u0647\/1215-1517\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u064f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064e \u0648\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0627\u0645\u0650. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u064e \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u0650 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064f\u0651\u0631\u0650\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0650 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0650 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u0650 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u064e\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0650\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0652 \u0641\u064a &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[120],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3250","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","","category-120"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3250","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3250"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3250\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3251,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3250\/revisions\/3251"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3250"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3250"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3250"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}