{"id":3966,"date":"2025-02-27T16:30:21","date_gmt":"2025-02-27T16:30:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/journal.ziu-university.net\/?p=3966"},"modified":"2025-02-27T16:30:22","modified_gmt":"2025-02-27T16:30:22","slug":"optimism-and-pessimism-and-their-relation-to-self-efficacy-among-a-sample-of-psychological-counselors-in-syria","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/?p=3966","title":{"rendered":"&#8220;Optimism and Pessimism and Their Relation to Self-Efficacy among a Sample of Psychological Counselors in Syria.&#8221;"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Abstract:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\">This study aimed to explore the relationship between optimism and self-efficacy among psychological counselors in Syrian schools. The research population comprised 1,560 counselors, with a purposive sample of 156 selected from the provinces of Aleppo, Damascus, Rural Damascus, and Latakia. The study utilized the Optimism and Pessimism Scale developed by Ahmed Abdel Khalek and the Self-Efficacy Scale by Lent et al. for data collection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\">The researcher employed a descriptive method, which is suitable for studying the relationships between variables. The results revealed a strong positive correlation between levels of optimism and self-efficacy among psychological counselors. Counselors with higher optimism demonstrated greater capacity to face challenges and achieve positive outcomes in their advisory roles. Additionally, the data indicated that females constituted a larger percentage of the sample, suggesting potential gender-based influences on optimism and self-efficacy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\">The study recommends the integration of strategies to enhance optimism in training programs for psychological counselors, the organization of regular workshops to develop optimistic skills, and the support of future research in this area to improve counseling performance and the quality of services provided.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> optimism, self, counselors, performance, health.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646 1560 \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645 156 \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0648\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0630\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0624\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u062c 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\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629-\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629-\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\r\n\t\t<div class=\"review_wrap\">\r\n\t\t\t<div id=\"review-box\" class=\"review-box review-bottom review-stars\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-summary\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-final-score\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span title=\"\" class=\"post-large-rate stars-large\"><span style=\"width:0%\"><\/span><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><\/h4>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-short-summary\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1YaOJNZvfNpUssg-fVB7Wv0TvMekVEgzw\/view?usp=drive_link\" class=\"taq-button taq-medium taq-square taq-flat\" style=\"background-color:#a0ce4e\" target=\"_blank\"><i class=\"fa fa-download\"><\/i><span class=\"button-text\">Download<\/span><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"user-rate-wrap\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"user-rating-text\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<strong>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646: <\/strong>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"taq-score\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<small>\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 !<\/small>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<div data-rate=\"0\" data-id=\"3966\" class=\"user-rate taq-user-rate-active\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"user-rate-image post-large-rate stars-large\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"width:0%\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"taq-clear\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Abstract: This study aimed to explore the relationship between optimism and self-efficacy among psychological counselors in Syrian schools. The research population comprised 1,560 counselors, with a purposive sample of 156 selected from the provinces of Aleppo, Damascus, Rural Damascus, and Latakia. The study utilized the Optimism and Pessimism Scale developed by Ahmed Abdel Khalek and &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[135],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3966","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","","category-135"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3966","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3966"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3966\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3967,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3966\/revisions\/3967"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3966"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3966"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3966"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}