{"id":4337,"date":"2025-06-30T12:39:22","date_gmt":"2025-06-30T12:39:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/journal.ziu-university.net\/?p=4337"},"modified":"2025-06-30T12:39:23","modified_gmt":"2025-06-30T12:39:23","slug":"%d8%a3%d8%b2%d9%85%d9%80%d9%80%d9%80%d9%80%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%80%d9%80%d9%80%d9%88%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88%d8%ae%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a3%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%b3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/?p=4337","title":{"rendered":"\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635:&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631: \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0640\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0640\u0640\u0648\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0640\u0644\u0627\u0642. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646. \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0630\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 (1989- 2019) \u2013 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0633\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0638\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646. \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u061b \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0640\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0644.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Abstract:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\">This research provides an analytical description of the roots of the political crisis in Sudan, identifying four key axes: a crisis of leadership, a crisis of legitimacy, a crisis of identity, and a crisis of ethics. It explains in detail the contribution of each crisis to the overall structure of the crisis in Sudan. The study then examines the manifestations of these elements collectively in the form of civil wars, tribal conflicts, and rebellions, conflict of identities, sharp societal divisions, and chronic political instability. The research argues that these societal divisions reached a peak during the Islamist rule (1989-2019), with their influence extending into the transitional period, culminating in a war between the Islamists and the Rapid Support Forces militia (RSF), which was founded by them to protect themselves against opponents and the aggrieved individuals. The research then discusses the requirements for peace building and the obstacles that hinder it, as well as how to reform the structure of political parties to contribute to building a stable political system and consolidating democracy. The study proposes that the international community should support the formation of a technocratic transitional government composed of independent experts, as the parties to the conflict cannot be the ones to craft a solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Key words: the Sudan&#8217;s crisis, the Islamists, The RSF, peace building, transition to democracy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f : <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0623.\u062f. \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Abduh Mukhtar Muossa<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\r\n\t\t<div class=\"review_wrap\">\r\n\t\t\t<div id=\"review-box\" class=\"review-box review-bottom review-stars\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-summary\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-final-score\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span title=\"\" class=\"post-large-rate stars-large\"><span style=\"width:0%\"><\/span><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><\/h4>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-short-summary\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/16_z7XYGQQrMYJLHwMVQfP3roLmCo6Ekp\/view?usp=drive_link\" class=\"taq-button taq-medium taq-square taq-flat\" style=\"background-color:#a0ce4e\" target=\"_blank\"><i class=\"fa fa-download\"><\/i><span class=\"button-text\">\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/span><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"user-rate-wrap\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"user-rating-text\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<strong>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646: <\/strong>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"taq-score\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<small>\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 !<\/small>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<div data-rate=\"0\" data-id=\"4337\" class=\"user-rate taq-user-rate-active\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"user-rate-image post-large-rate stars-large\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"width:0%\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"taq-clear\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635:&nbsp; \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631: \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0640\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0640\u0640\u0648\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0640\u0644\u0627\u0642. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646. \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[142],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4337","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","","category----1"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4337","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4337"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4337\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4338,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4337\/revisions\/4338"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4337"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4337"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4337"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}