{"id":4389,"date":"2025-07-30T21:55:17","date_gmt":"2025-07-30T21:55:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/journal.ziu-university.net\/?p=4389"},"modified":"2025-07-30T21:55:20","modified_gmt":"2025-07-30T21:55:20","slug":"%d9%86%d8%b4%d8%a3%d8%a9-%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%83%d8%a9-%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b3-%d9%88%d8%aa%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/?p=4389","title":{"rendered":"\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0623\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633&#8221;\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2006\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a 2007\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0631. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0644\u0651\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2017 \u0643\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> <strong>\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u0632\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Abstract:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\">This study explores the emergence of the Islamic Resistance Movement \u201cHamas\u201d within the historical, political, and social context that shaped its foundation in the Palestinian territories, particularly in the Gaza Strip in the late 1980s. The movement was launched in December 1987 with the outbreak of the First Palestinian Intifada, as a branch of the Muslim Brotherhood in Palestine, combining religious, social, and resistance-oriented activities against the Israeli occupation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\">The research focuses on the political transformations undergone by Hamas\u2014from its early stance as a resistance movement rejecting political engagement, to its participation in the 2006 legislative elections, followed by its takeover of the Gaza Strip in 2007, which triggered a lasting Palestinian political division. The study also highlights Hamas\u2019s attempts to build regional and international relations and strike a balance between armed resistance and political engagement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\">Furthermore, the research examines the challenges the movement has faced\u2014whether in its relationship with the Palestinian Authority and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), or in its regional interactions with states such as Iran, Turkey, Qatar, and Egypt. The study sheds light on Hamas\u2019s ideological and political revisions, and how these have influenced its discourse, with particular focus on its 2017 political document as an indicator of this transformation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> <strong>Hamas Movement, Muslim Brotherhood, First Intifada, Palestinian Resistance, Palestinian Division, Gaza Strip.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f : <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0632\u0631\u0648\u0642<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Ouafae Zarouq<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629- \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u00a0\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646<br> KUD\u00dcS VE F\u0130L\u0130ST\u0130N \u00c7ALI\u015eMALARI\u00a0ANAB\u0130L\u0130M\u00a0DALI<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\r\n\t\t<div class=\"review_wrap\">\r\n\t\t\t<div id=\"review-box\" class=\"review-box review-bottom review-stars\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-summary\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-final-score\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span title=\"\" class=\"post-large-rate stars-large\"><span style=\"width:0%\"><\/span><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><\/h4>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-short-summary\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/15emLscIteguhyLSOoIJIervuXvcMUcU-\/view?usp=drive_link\" class=\"taq-button taq-medium taq-square taq-flat\" style=\"background-color:#a0ce4e\" target=\"_blank\"><i class=\"fa fa-download\"><\/i><span class=\"button-text\">\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 <\/span><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"user-rate-wrap\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"user-rating-text\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<strong>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646: <\/strong>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"taq-score\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<small>\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 !<\/small>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<div data-rate=\"0\" data-id=\"4389\" class=\"user-rate taq-user-rate-active\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"user-rate-image post-large-rate stars-large\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"width:0%\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"taq-clear\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b: \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633&#8221; 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