{"id":4434,"date":"2025-07-31T09:26:10","date_gmt":"2025-07-31T09:26:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/journal.ziu-university.net\/?p=4434"},"modified":"2025-07-31T09:26:11","modified_gmt":"2025-07-31T09:26:11","slug":"%d8%aa%d8%ac%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%87-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d8%b4%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%af%d9%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/?p=4434","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;\u0625\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;\u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0646\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 <a href=\"#_ftn1\" id=\"_ftnref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a><strong>(\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u060c 1996\u0645\u060c 20)<\/strong> \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0647\u0648 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;\u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 &#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 &#8221; \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u0635\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1993\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0626\u0630 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 &#8221; \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a &#8220;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;\u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0644\u062d\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0646\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u0634\u0634\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627.\u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;\u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0644\u062d\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644: &#8220;<strong>\u0625\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0644\u062d\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647<\/strong>&#8220;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 &#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644: &#8221; <strong>\u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 <\/strong>&#8221; <a href=\"#_ftn2\" id=\"_ftnref2\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a>.(\u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627\u060c2007\u0645\u060c8)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><strong> \u062a\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0626\u0631.<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>ABSTRACT<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The relationship of man with the place is a relation having an influential dimension. For the place contributes in forming man\u2019s consciousness of his existence and imprints his thought and his identity. Some critics viewed that understanding the environment and the place in which he lived can contribute in disclosing the componets of his creative works.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The autobiography in its literary structure is considered as a time-place art<a href=\"#_ftn3\" id=\"_ftnref3\"><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/a>. Thus the retrieval of the place in it is not considered as an accidental retrieval , but rather it is built on the effect of this place on the creative person. The seeking by the creative person of understanding the landmarks of the place which had become a part of his childhood and his past is an evidence of the status which the place is still carrying in himself.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Understanding the manifestations of the place in the biography \u201c The First Well\u2019 by the man of letters and artist Jabra Ibrahim Jabra comes in the context of the fact that this biography is a biography of place in its formation. Jabra attempted to show the influence of the childhood places on himself despite the length of the time distance which separated him from these places, knowing that he wrote this biography in 1993, and he was then living in Baghdad the stage of which was connected with another biography which came to carry the title \u201c The Street Of The Princesses.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thus the researcher in the manifestations of the place in the above-mentioned biography of Jabra can see Bethlehem in the period of the 1920s and the 1930s of the past century , whereby it is manifested in its neighborhoods, streets, churches, monasteries and cottages. He can also have a glimpse of Jerusalem and some of its entrances and gates. All of this is in the context of specifying his relationship with this places and their effect on his consciousness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Perhaps the presence of Bethlehem in his biography is connected with his feeling of prestige, whereby he says:\u201d Bethlehem which joins in its bends the cradle of Christ makes its natives feel prestigious , either because of this or because the faith of others in it.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Also the presence of Jerusalem with some of its components and neighborhoods is a presence of a city having a status in himself, whereby no any other city has replaced it. For Jerusalem is the title of his homeland which remained carved in his memory. This was expressed by the man of letters and novelist Abdul-rahman Muneef Al-Razzaz in his introducing of the book \u201cThe First Well.\u201d He says: \u201c Jabra since he had arrived in Iraq used to say in a sonorous voice that Iraq is an extension of the homeland in which he believes and which he loves but it is not an alternative for Palestine, the land of olive trees.\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn4\" id=\"_ftnref4\"><sup>[4]<\/sup><\/a>(jabra,2007,8) Keyeords: The Manifestations Of Place, Role In ,The First Well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f : <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0634\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Moath Abedullah Hamed Eshtaiyeh<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b- \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629- \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 -\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627 &#8211; \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\r\n\t\t<div class=\"review_wrap\">\r\n\t\t\t<div id=\"review-box\" class=\"review-box review-bottom review-stars\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-summary\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-final-score\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span title=\"\" class=\"post-large-rate stars-large\"><span style=\"width:0%\"><\/span><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><\/h4>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-short-summary\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1Y1RSPmsweGHvZ2HV4-kmjjl6kTivOyK_\/view?usp=drive_link\" class=\"taq-button taq-medium taq-square taq-flat\" style=\"background-color:#a0ce4e\" target=\"_blank\"><i class=\"fa fa-download\"><\/i><span class=\"button-text\">\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/span><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"user-rate-wrap\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"user-rating-text\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<strong>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646: <\/strong>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"taq-score\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<small>\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 !<\/small>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<div data-rate=\"0\" data-id=\"4434\" class=\"user-rate taq-user-rate-active\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"user-rate-image post-large-rate stars-large\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"width:0%\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"taq-clear\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 &nbsp;\u0625\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. &nbsp;\u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0646\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 [1](\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u060c 1996\u0645\u060c 20) &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[144],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4434","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","","category----2"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4434","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4434"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4434\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4435,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4434\/revisions\/4435"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4434"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4434"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4434"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}