{"id":4446,"date":"2025-07-31T09:41:08","date_gmt":"2025-07-31T09:41:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/journal.ziu-university.net\/?p=4446"},"modified":"2025-07-31T09:41:09","modified_gmt":"2025-07-31T09:41:09","slug":"%d9%85%d9%81%d9%87%d9%88%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%82%d8%af-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b7%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%82-%d8%a3%d8%a8%d9%88-%d8%b9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/?p=4446","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 “\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627”"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong>:<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u062f\u0647\u061b \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u061b \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062b\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f.  \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b: \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0636 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 : \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u062d\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f  \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0641\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636  \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

–  \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  –  \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0642\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0638 .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0648\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0644\u0641\u0638\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060c \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0650\u0651\u0639\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u060c <\/strong>\u0623<\/strong>\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0631 .<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Abstract<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The significance of this research lies in its examination of literary criticism in terms of both theory and practice, applied to a prominent figure in Arabic literature: Abu Uthman Amr ibn Bahr al-Jahiz. Despite the abundance of studies on al-Jahiz and his critical ideas, further research and analysis are still needed, especially given the diversity of contemporary critical schools. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Literature, in both its poetic and prose forms, represents the raw material of criticism and precedes it in existence. Therefore, this study seeks to review the most prominent critical issues addressed by al-Jahiz and analyze them within the framework of the relationship between theory and practice by tracing his views in some of his works. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Research Importance<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The importance of this study lies in: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Highlighting al-Jahiz\u2019s role as a critic who combined theoretical criticism with practical application. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Revealing the extent to which his critical views align with both classical and modern critical approaches. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Enriching Arabic literature with an analytical study that deepens the understanding of al-Jahiz\u2019s literary criticism. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Research Objectives<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This research aims to: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Analyze some of al-Jahiz\u2019s critical concepts and link them to theory and practice. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Clarify the extent of his influence by the cultural and civilizational context of the Abbasid era. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Provide an academic contribution that benefits students of literary criticism, both classical and modern. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Research Scope <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The study is limited to examining some of the critical issues addressed by al-Jahiz, focusing on instances where the relationship between theoretical criticism and practical application is evident, in light of both classical and modern critical methodologies. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Research Methodology  <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The research relies on two approaches: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Historical Method: To trace al-Jahiz\u2019s life, environment, and document his scholarly contributions. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Descriptive-Analytical Method: To observe, analyze, and draw conclusions from the critical material. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Previous Studies<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Many critical works have addressed the history of classical and modern criticism, including some of al-Jahiz\u2019s critical opinions. This research benefits from these studies while attempting to present a new perspective focusing on the practical aspect of his criticism. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key Recommendations <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Focus on the Abbasid era, which witnessed the flourishing of critical movements due to the state’s strength and its interaction with preceding civilizations. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Analyze al-Jahiz\u2019s stance on wording (lafz) and meaning (ma\u2019na), as he emphasized wording without neglecting meaning, introducing the concept of “composition” (nazm) as a connecting link. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Study al-Jahiz\u2019s classification of poetry, distinguishing between good and bad poetry while focusing on his critical standards. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Benefit from his critical approach, which combined precise wording with subtle meaning, emphasizing his view that poetry is a “craft” requiring linguistic and intellectual mastery. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Jahiz is one of the most prominent Arab critics who combined theoretical criticism with practical application, making his study essential for understanding the evolution of literary criticism. His critical opinions remain highly significant in contemporary studies, calling for further research and analysis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Keywords: Concept , Theory and Practice, Abu Uthman Amr ibn Bahr.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f : <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062f.\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0646
Dr. Ali Amin Hasan
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<\/h4>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
<\/i>\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/span><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646: <\/strong>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 !<\/small>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t
<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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