{"id":4492,"date":"2025-08-30T13:03:25","date_gmt":"2025-08-30T13:03:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/journal.ziu-university.net\/?p=4492"},"modified":"2025-08-30T13:03:27","modified_gmt":"2025-08-30T13:03:27","slug":"%d8%aa%d9%82%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%85-%d9%86%d9%85%d9%88-%d9%88%d8%a5%d9%86%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%81%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%85%d9%86-%d9%85%d8%ad%d8%b5%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/?p=4492","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0634\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0645 (\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627) \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a (0\u060c 100\u060c 200 \u0648400 \u0645\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0644\/\u0644\u062a\u0631).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 4267 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 5824 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0641 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 400 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0644\/ \u0644\u062a\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 200 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0644\/ \u0644\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0633\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u064a 200 \u0645\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0644\/\u0644\u062a\u0631.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0628\u0644 a \u0648b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a&nbsp; (p&lt;0.05)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 100 \u0645\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0644\/ \u0644\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 200 \u0645\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0644\/ \u0644\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0644 a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0644 a&nbsp; \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0641 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 1.64 \u0645\u0644\u062c\u0645\/\u062c\u0645&nbsp; \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 0.2 \u0645\u0644\u062c\u0645\/\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 100 \u0648200 \u0645\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0644\/\u0644\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0646 1 \u0645\u0644\u062c\u0645\/\u062c\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0644&nbsp; \u0625\u0644\u0649 0.2 \u0645\u0644\u062c\u0645\/ \u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0632 100 \u0648200 \u0645\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0644\/\u0644\u062a\u0631. \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0644 b&nbsp; \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This study was conducted to evaluate and assess the productivity of two varieties of the <em>Panicum maximum<\/em> grass (Mombasa and Tanzania) under salinity stress conditions in Wadi Al-Shati region in southern Libya. The evaluation was classified through several indicators and characteristics of the soil and plants, including the soil pH, electrical conductivity, nutrient content in the soil and plants, and plant height. Four concentrations (0, 100, 200, and 400 millimoles\/liter) were used. The results showed different effects of salinity stress on the soil nutrient content, as sodium was the most accumulated element in the soil and plants, especially at high salinity concentrations, where its concentration in the soil reached 4267 parts per million, and in the plants, it reached 5824 parts per million in the Tanzania variety, indicating a greater ability to tolerate sodium than Mombasa, and the plants could not grow at all at a concentration of 400 millimoles\/liter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Salt stress significantly affected the carbohydrate content of the two varieties, with the lowest content observed at a concentration of 200 millimoles per liter. Additionally, the plants responded to salt stress by greatly accumulating proline in their tissues at a salt concentration of 200 millimoles per liter. Regarding salinity stress, statistical analysis showed significant effects of the crop type on the contents of chlorophyll a and b, as well as total chlorophyll (p&lt;0.05), with significant differences noted between the control treatment and the 100 millimoles per liter treatment, as well as between the control treatment and the 200 millimoles per liter treatment concerning chlorophyll a. The effect of salinity stress on the content of chlorophyll a in the plants was clearly observed, as it decreased in the Tanzania variety from 1.64 mg\/g in the control treatment to less than 0.2 mg\/g at concentrations of 100 and 200 millimoles per liter. In Mombasa, it decreased from 1 mg\/g in the control treatment to less than 0.2 mg\/g at concentrations of 100 and 200 millimoles per liter. The same trend was observed for chlorophyll b, which decreased with increasing salinity, showing significant differences between all concentrations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Keywords: Panicum, Salt stress, Sodium, Potassium, Chlorophyll<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f : <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong><\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0639\u062f<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Ibraheem Mohamed Alshareef<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Ziad Ahmad Saad<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0629- \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629- \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0626<\/td><td>\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629- \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629- \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0626<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\r\n\t\t<div class=\"review_wrap\">\r\n\t\t\t<div id=\"review-box\" class=\"review-box review-bottom review-stars\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-summary\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-final-score\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span title=\"\" class=\"post-large-rate stars-large\"><span style=\"width:0%\"><\/span><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><\/h4>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-short-summary\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1EpzZqDAJtJDWmCjsKbv7x60sKCMEJUgt\/view?usp=drive_link\" class=\"taq-button taq-medium taq-square taq-flat\" style=\"background-color:#a0ce4e\" target=\"_blank\"><i class=\"fa fa-download\"><\/i><span class=\"button-text\">Download<\/span><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"user-rate-wrap\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"user-rating-text\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<strong>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646: <\/strong>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"taq-score\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<small>\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 !<\/small>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<div data-rate=\"0\" data-id=\"4492\" class=\"user-rate taq-user-rate-active\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"user-rate-image post-large-rate stars-large\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"width:0%\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"taq-clear\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635: \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0634\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0645 (\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627) \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a (0\u060c 100\u060c &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[147],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4492","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","","category----1"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4492","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4492"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4492\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4493,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4492\/revisions\/4493"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4492"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4492"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4492"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}