{"id":4580,"date":"2025-09-30T18:59:04","date_gmt":"2025-09-30T18:59:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/journal.ziu-university.net\/?p=4580"},"modified":"2025-09-30T18:59:06","modified_gmt":"2025-09-30T18:59:06","slug":"%d8%ac%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%b0%d9%8a%d8%a8-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d9%83%d8%ac%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%b6%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%86%d8%b3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/?p=4580","title":{"rendered":"\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Abstract:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This study examines the crime of torture committed in Syria since 2011 as a crime against humanity under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. It aims to analyze the international legal framework of torture, including its prohibition in international treaties and humanitarian law, and to contextualize the crime within the historical, political, and social developments in Syria. The research explores the patterns and methods of torture, the role of human rights organizations in documentation, and the legal and security challenges facing evidence collection. It further addresses the legal responsibility of perpetrators and the obstacles to activating international justice mechanisms, including universal jurisdiction and international tribunals. The study concludes that torture in Syria is practiced in a widespread and systematic manner, thereby fulfilling the legal criteria of a crime against humanity. It recommends reinforcing international accountability mechanisms and supporting civil society efforts in documentation and victim advocacy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Keywords: Torture, Crimes against Humanity, Syria, International Law, Rome Statute, International Justice.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0643\u0648\u0631<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Yasser omaer Mohamed bakurr<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\r\n\t\t<div class=\"review_wrap\">\r\n\t\t\t<div id=\"review-box\" class=\"review-box review-bottom review-stars\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-summary\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-final-score\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span title=\"\" class=\"post-large-rate stars-large\"><span style=\"width:0%\"><\/span><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><\/h4>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-short-summary\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/19vAyZpZ8UWozf8fAMjf7V4VbHOsLGne_\/view?usp=drive_link\" class=\"taq-button taq-medium taq-square taq-flat\" style=\"background-color:#a0ce4e\" target=\"_blank\"><i class=\"fa fa-download\"><\/i><span class=\"button-text\">\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/span><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"user-rate-wrap\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"user-rating-text\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<strong>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646: <\/strong>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"taq-score\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<small>\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 !<\/small>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<div data-rate=\"0\" data-id=\"4580\" class=\"user-rate taq-user-rate-active\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"user-rate-image post-large-rate stars-large\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"width:0%\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"taq-clear\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635: &nbsp;\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[149],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4580","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","","category----1"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4580","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4580"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4580\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4581,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4580\/revisions\/4581"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4580"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4580"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4580"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}