{"id":4612,"date":"2025-09-30T20:42:02","date_gmt":"2025-09-30T20:42:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/journal.ziu-university.net\/?p=4612"},"modified":"2025-09-30T20:42:04","modified_gmt":"2025-09-30T20:42:04","slug":"%d9%85%d8%ad%d8%af%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a3%d8%ab%d8%b1-%d8%aa%d9%83%d9%86%d9%88%d9%84%d9%88%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/?p=4612","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (2000\u0645\u20132021\u0645)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0647 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646. \u0648 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a .\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0647 2000-2021.\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a (GDP) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a (AV)\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a(IN)\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a (L)\u060c\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a (OE) .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062e\u0644\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u060c\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627: \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 (2000-2021)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u062f \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 (\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644) \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a (2.22). \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 (2000-2021).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The paper aimed to identify the factors related to information and communications technology (ICT) that affect economic growth in Palestine. To achieve this objective the descriptive analytical approach and econometric methods were used. Therefore, multi regression analysis was used and the model was estimated by using time series data for the period 2000-2021. The dependent variable was the GDP, whereas independent variables included the value added of ICT sector, the investment rate in the ICT sector, the number of ICT workers and the number of institution operating in ICT sector.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The paper concluded with a set of results, the most important of which are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Variation and fluctuation in the economic growth rate in Palestine over the period 2000-2021; stability of the study data in the first difference for all study variables; existence of three co-integration vectors , indicating a long term relationship between the study variables; and the error correction coefficient was negative and significant with an adjustment speed of 2.22.In addition the study found that there is a positive impact of each of the added value , investment rate and number of workers in the in ICT sector on economic growth in Palestine , while the model showed there is no effect of the number of institutions operating in ICT sector on economic growth in Palestine during (2000-2021).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The most important recommendations were the enhancing economic growth by increasing the investment rate in the information and communication technology sector; reviewing current policies and regulations to ensure that they support the technology sector and encourage investment and innovation. Also, it is of importance to provide the necessary infrastructure, develop skills, improve the business environment, enhance innovation, and invest in technology, while ensuring fair access to economic opportunities. Finally, the paper recommends supporting and encouraging emerging institutions in the ICT sector.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Keywords<\/strong>: <strong>Determinants, Information, Communication Technology, Economic Growth.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f : <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0623. \u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Ubaida Munzir Al-Ghamari<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Dr. Al-Tayeb Mohammedein Abdullah<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647- \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u0632\u0629 &#8211; \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646<\/td><td>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f &#8211; \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 &#8211; \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0633\u0644\u0627 &#8211; \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\r\n\t\t<div class=\"review_wrap\">\r\n\t\t\t<div id=\"review-box\" class=\"review-box review-bottom review-stars\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-summary\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-final-score\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span title=\"\" class=\"post-large-rate stars-large\"><span style=\"width:0%\"><\/span><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><\/h4>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-short-summary\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1UNGRHn_MLM-Nsf8XLergsGj4nA60cPqm\/view?usp=drive_link\" class=\"taq-button taq-medium taq-square taq-flat\" style=\"background-color:#a0ce4e\" target=\"_blank\"><i class=\"fa fa-download\"><\/i><span class=\"button-text\">\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/span><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"user-rate-wrap\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"user-rating-text\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<strong>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646: <\/strong>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"taq-score\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<small>\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 !<\/small>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<div data-rate=\"0\" data-id=\"4612\" class=\"user-rate taq-user-rate-active\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"user-rate-image post-large-rate stars-large\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"width:0%\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"taq-clear\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 &nbsp;\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0647 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646. \u0648 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a .\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0645 &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[150],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4612","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","","category----2"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4612","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4612"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4612\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4613,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4612\/revisions\/4613"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4612"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4612"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4612"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}