{"id":4620,"date":"2025-09-30T21:14:04","date_gmt":"2025-09-30T21:14:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/journal.ziu-university.net\/?p=4620"},"modified":"2025-09-30T21:14:07","modified_gmt":"2025-09-30T21:14:07","slug":"%d9%85%d9%8a%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a%d9%80%d8%b2%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/?p=4620","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0640\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2011 \u2013 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\/\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a &#8211; 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\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\/\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a&#8221; \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0623 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a &#8211; \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a &#8211; \u0628\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u064a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 (\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646)&nbsp; \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\/\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 (\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u2013 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062f). \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b <strong>\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 <\/strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629\u061b \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629\/\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Abstract:&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Arab Spring revolutions which started by 2011 refuted the hypothesis that regimes in the Arab states are unchangeable. And that the Arab world is overwhelmed by the intellectual, political and cultural stagnation. Nonetheless, the Arab Spring has opened new horizons in thinking, in the behavior and future prospects along a great degree of optimism after decades of frustration and setbacks at all levels and fields. However, the outcomes of all these Uprisings \u2013 with the exception of Tunisia \u2013 have been a state of chaos, instability and turmoil. In some cases \u2013 such as Sudan and Egypt &#8211; the &#8220;deep state&#8221; has waged &#8216;counter revolutionary&#8217; actions to intercept the Uprising. This research tries to suggest the appropriate mechanisms that could be employed to restore the revolutionary momentum as a leverage to resume sound transition to democracy. Hence, the central question here is how to restore this momentum in the Arab world? With raising the slogan of &#8220;the people wants toppling the regime&#8221;, the Arab youth has uncovered the real obstacle of changing the undemocratic regimes. After any Uprising there appeared the dilemma of who is to lead the change and in what direction? This reflects the reveals the weakness of the Arab political thought which failed to work out a revolutionary program for change that could meet the people&#8217;s aspirations and ambitions for democracy and stability. This intellectual weakness gave room for the &#8220;deep state&#8217; to fill the vacuum (Sudan is a good example) along with allies of foreign powers. This research believes that the only way out is to make change at the individual level together with building a conscious and strong civil society organizations as &#8216;democracy-building institutions&#8217;.&nbsp; Parallel to this there should be efforts to tackle the crises of legitimacy, leadership, identity as well as employing the necessary mechanisms for state building via multiple approaches such as consensual democracy, empowering civil society, political alliances\/partnership and political economy.&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>Key words<\/strong>: <strong>The Arab Spring, legitimacy, crisis of political thought, civil society, democracy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f : <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0647\u0640 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Professor Abdu Mukhtar Musa<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n\r\n\t\t<div class=\"review_wrap\">\r\n\t\t\t<div id=\"review-box\" class=\"review-box review-bottom review-stars\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-summary\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-final-score\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span title=\"\" class=\"post-large-rate stars-large\"><span style=\"width:0%\"><\/span><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><\/h4>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-short-summary\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1qwRrgpdE7dux9KZ2uNU20T9VM7ZGrV9F\/view?usp=drive_link\" class=\"taq-button taq-medium taq-square taq-flat\" style=\"background-color:#a0ce4e\" target=\"_blank\"><i class=\"fa fa-download\"><\/i><span class=\"button-text\">\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/span><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"user-rate-wrap\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"user-rating-text\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<strong>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646: <\/strong>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"taq-score\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<small>\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 !<\/small>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<div data-rate=\"0\" data-id=\"4620\" class=\"user-rate taq-user-rate-active\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"user-rate-image post-large-rate stars-large\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"width:0%\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"taq-clear\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635: &nbsp;\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a 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\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[150],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4620","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","","category----2"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ 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