{"id":4655,"date":"2025-10-29T17:25:30","date_gmt":"2025-10-29T17:25:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/journal.ziu-university.net\/?p=4655"},"modified":"2025-10-29T17:25:32","modified_gmt":"2025-10-29T17:25:32","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b1%d8%ab-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%aa%d8%b4%d9%83%d9%91%d9%84-%d8%a3%d8%b2%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/?p=4655","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 1821-1956\u0645 “\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629”"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This study aims to analyze the colonial legacy in shaping Sudan\u2019s modern crises from the Turco-Egyptian conquest (1821) to the end of the Anglo-Egyptian rule (1956). The research is significant for uncovering the historical roots of Sudan\u2019s structural imbalances in national identity, uneven development, and weak state institutions. The main problem addressed is: How did successive colonial regimes create a fragile political and economic reality that hindered nation building in Sudan?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Using a historical-analytical and comparative approach, the study examines archival sources and colonial policies in governance, economy, and society. Findings reveal that the Turco-Egyptian rule established an exploitative system based on taxation, forced labor, and elite co-optation, creating internal dependency between center and periphery. The Anglo-Egyptian Condominium deepened ethnic and cultural divisions through the \u201cdivide and rule\u201d strategy and the Closed Districts Ordinance, concentrating development in the Nile Valley. This colonial legacy produced enduring crises of identity, regional inequality, and institutional fragility in postcolonial Sudan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Keywords: Colonialism \u2013 Sudan \u2013 Turco-Egyptian rule \u2013 Anglo-Egyptian rule \u2013 Identity crisis<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f : <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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 Dr. Muhand Faroug Mohammed Ahmed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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