{"id":4730,"date":"2025-11-29T20:45:59","date_gmt":"2025-11-29T20:45:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/journal.ziu-university.net\/?p=4730"},"modified":"2025-11-29T20:46:01","modified_gmt":"2025-11-29T20:46:01","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%b1%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/?p=4730","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u00a0\u00a0\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This study examines the phenomenon of siege in the Syrian conflict since 2011, as one of the most significant violations affecting civilians during the Syrian war, and as a strategic tool with serious legal and humanitarian dimensions. The research seeks to analyze the legal framework of siege under international humanitarian law, distinguishing between a legitimate military siege and one that constitutes a war crime or a crime against humanity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The study also reviews case studies from the Syrian conflict, such as the sieges of Eastern Ghouta, Eastern Aleppo, and Deir ez-Zor, analyzing the extent to which international legal norms apply to these situations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The research focuses on the responsibility of the warring parties\u2014whether states or armed groups\u2014for violations of the rules protecting civilians, particularly those committed by Syrian government forces and affiliated militias. It also explores international legal accountability mechanisms, such as the Commission of Inquiry (COI) and the International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism (IIIM), in addition to issues of universal jurisdiction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The study concludes that siege warfare in Syria has, in many cases, constituted a systematic policy targeting civilians, thereby amounting to a war crime and possibly a crime against humanity. It recommends strengthening international justice mechanisms and enhancing efforts for documentation and accountability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Keywords: siege, Syria, international humanitarian law, war crimes, protection of civilians, international justice<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f : <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0643\u0648\u0631Yasser Omar Mohammed Bakour<\/strong>
\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u2013 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a- \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u00a0\u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 – \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><\/table><\/figure>\n\r\n\t\t
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

<\/h4>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
<\/i>Download<\/span><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646: <\/strong>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 !<\/small>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t
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<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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