{"id":4836,"date":"2026-01-31T09:40:01","date_gmt":"2026-01-31T09:40:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/journal.ziu-university.net\/?p=4836"},"modified":"2026-01-31T09:40:02","modified_gmt":"2026-01-31T09:40:02","slug":"extradition-from-the-perspective-of-international-criminal-law-and-the-legal-and-practical-implementation-of-extradition-in-afghanistan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/?p=4836","title":{"rendered":"\u00a0Extradition from the Perspective of International Criminal Law and the Legal and Practical Implementation of Extradition in Afghanistan"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Abstract&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Objective:&nbsp;This research aims to examine the concept and legal framework of extradition in international law, analyze the legal and procedural framework for extradition in Afghanistan, evaluate the practical challenges hindering its implementation, and propose recommendations for enhancing its effectiveness in line with international standards.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Methodology:&nbsp;The study adopted a qualitative analytical-descriptive methodology, utilizing doctrinal legal research of national laws (such as the Law on Extradition of Accused and Convicted Persons and Judicial Cooperation of 1392 AH\/2013 and the Afghan Constitution), bilateral treaties (with Iran, the UAE, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, India), and international conventions. The analysis also involved a comparative study between the Afghan legal system and international standards, and an examination of practical application through cases and procedures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Key Findings:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Existence of a Legal Framework:\u00a0Afghanistan has a regulated legal framework for extradition under Law (1392), which defines extradition, establishes its legitimacy (solely based on agreements), and sets specific safeguards (e.g., non-extradition of Afghan women and children, and the rule of speciality prohibiting trial for offenses other than those for which extradition was granted).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mixed Procedural System:\u00a0The Afghan system follows a mixed (judicial-administrative) procedural model involving the Attorney General&#8217;s Office, the Supreme Court (High Council), the Ministry of Justice, and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Practical Challenges:\u00a0Despite the legal framework, the extradition process faces significant practical challenges, including procedural delays, weak coordination among domestic institutions and with foreign states, resource constraints, and a limited network of bilateral agreements.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Compliance with International Standards:\u00a0Afghan law aligns with many international principles such as dual criminality, the political offense exception, military offense exception, and human rights considerations (e.g., prohibiting extradition where there is a risk of torture or unfair trial).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Importance of International Cooperation:\u00a0The success of extradition remains dependent on the effectiveness of international cooperation based on bilateral and multilateral treaties, the network of which remains limited for Afghanistan.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Recommendations:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pursue the expansion of\u00a0bilateral and multilateral agreements\u00a0with a wider range of countries.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Enhance procedural efficiency\u00a0and inter-agency coordination to reduce delays.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Strengthen adherence to human rights standards\u00a0at all stages of the extradition process.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Explore incorporating alternative and expedited extradition mechanisms\u00a0(e.g., surrender by consent) inspired by international best practices (such as the European Arrest Warrant).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Build capacity\u00a0and train legal and judicial personnel on international law rules and extradition procedures.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Establish a monitoring and evaluation mechanism\u00a0to periodically assess the effectiveness of the Afghan extradition system.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Keywords: Extradition, International Criminal Law, Afghanistan, Process, Bilateral Treaties.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641\u00a0\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629\u00a0(\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629) \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u00a0\u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u00a0\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">by : <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><strong>Muhiburrahman Hemat<br>Professor, Command and Staff Academy, National Defence University of Afghanistan<br><\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Namatullah Mohsen\u00a0Assistant Professor, Department of Fiqh and Law, Faculty of Sharia, Sayyid Jamaluddin Afghani University<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><tr><th colspan=\"2\"><strong>khanmohammad khadarkhilProfessor, Department of Aqidah and Falsafah, Faculty of Sharia, Nangarhar University<\/strong><br><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\r\n\t\t<div class=\"review_wrap\">\r\n\t\t\t<div id=\"review-box\" class=\"review-box review-bottom review-stars\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-summary\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-final-score\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span title=\"\" class=\"post-large-rate stars-large\"><span style=\"width:0%\"><\/span><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><\/h4>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-short-summary\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1Bd4dJl6vEGU5LEvQwJOBRVTJE_pwFFRL\/view?usp=drive_link\" class=\"taq-button taq-medium taq-square taq-flat\" style=\"background-color:#a0ce4e\" target=\"_blank\"><i class=\"fa fa-download\"><\/i><span class=\"button-text\">Download<\/span><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"user-rate-wrap\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"user-rating-text\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<strong>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646: <\/strong>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"taq-score\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<small>\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 !<\/small>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<div data-rate=\"0\" data-id=\"4836\" class=\"user-rate taq-user-rate-active\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"user-rate-image post-large-rate stars-large\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"width:0%\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"taq-clear\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Abstract&nbsp; Objective:&nbsp;This research aims to examine the concept and legal framework of extradition in international law, analyze the legal and procedural framework for extradition in Afghanistan, evaluate the practical challenges hindering its implementation, and propose recommendations for enhancing its effectiveness in line with international standards. Methodology:&nbsp;The study adopted a qualitative analytical-descriptive methodology, utilizing doctrinal legal &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4836","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","","category----1-2026"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4836","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4836"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4836\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4837,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4836\/revisions\/4837"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4836"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4836"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4836"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}