{"id":4850,"date":"2026-01-31T09:55:43","date_gmt":"2026-01-31T09:55:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/journal.ziu-university.net\/?p=4850"},"modified":"2026-01-31T09:55:44","modified_gmt":"2026-01-31T09:55:44","slug":"%d8%b3%d9%84%d9%88%d9%83-%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%81%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a7-%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%aa-%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%85%d8%ae%d8%aa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/?p=4850","title":{"rendered":"\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0635\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0648\u0649 2024\/2025 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629- \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631- \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621- \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0635\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0627 Pactol, Serw-4 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0649 100 % \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0649 (112 \u0643\u062c\u0645 \u0646\/ \u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631)\u060c 75 % \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647 (84 \u0643\u062c\u0645 \u0646\/ \u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631) \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0644\u060c 50 % \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647 (56 \u0643\u062c\u0645 \u0646\/ \u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631) \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0644\u060c 25 % \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647 (28 \u0643\u062c\u0645 \u0646\/ \u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631) \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0644- \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0630\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0632\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 112 \u0643\u062c\u0645 \u0646\/ \u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a (156.26 \u0633\u0645)- \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0631 (39.80 %) \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 (84 \u0643\u062c\u0645 \u0646\/ \u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0644) \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\/ \u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0633\u0631\u0648 4 \u0641\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 (112 \u0643\u062c\u0645 \u0646\/ \u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631) \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 (84 \u0643\u062c\u0645 \u0646\/ \u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0644) \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a (160.13\u060c 159.87 \u0633\u0645)\u060c \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0639\/ \u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a (7.14\u060c 7.10)\u060c \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 (3.33\u060c 3.30)\u060c \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0644\/ \u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a (288.09\u060c 286.43)\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0630\u0631\u0629 (3.76\u060c 3.72 \u062c\u0645)\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0631\/ \u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a (19.02\u060c 18.92 \u062c\u0645)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0649 (11.629\u060c 11.701 \u0637\u0646\/ \u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631)\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0631 (2.662\u060c 2.648 \u0637\u0646\/ \u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631)\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u062f (22.89\u060c 22.63 %)\u060c \u0641\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 84 \u0643\u062c\u0645 \u0646\/ \u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a (1100.50 \u0643\u062c\u0645\/ \u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0627\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (112 \u0643\u062c\u0645\/ \u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 (84 \u0643\u062c\u0645 \u0646\/ \u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 75 % \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0627- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062f- \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0630\u0631\u0649- \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a- \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Abstract:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A field experiment was conducted during the winter season of 2024\/2025 at the research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Omar Al-Mukhtar University, Al-Bayda, Libya, to investigate the performance of two canola cultivars, <em>Pactol<\/em> and <em>Serw-4<\/em>, with respect to growth, seed yield and its components, and oil characteristics under seven fertilization treatments. These treatments consisted of 100% of the recommended nitrogen fertilizer rate (112 kg N ha\u207b\u00b9); 75% of the recommended rate (84 kg N ha\u207b\u00b9) with or without the application of a humic compound known as Actosol; 50% of the recommended rate (56 kg N ha\u207b\u00b9) with or without Actosol; and 25% of the recommended rate (28 kg N ha\u207b\u00b9) with or without Actosol.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design using a split-plot arrangement with three replicates. The seven fertilization treatments were randomly assigned to the main plots, while the two cultivars were randomly distributed within the sub-plots. The results revealed that all studied traits were significantly affected by fertilization treatments, except for the refractive index. Application of nitrogen fertilizer at a rate of 112 kg N ha\u207b\u00b9 resulted in the tallest plants (156.26 cm) but produced the lowest seed oil content (39.80%). This treatment was statistically comparable to the treatment of 84 kg N ha\u207b\u00b9 combined with Actosol application for most traits, except for oil yield per hectare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The cultivar Pactol significantly outperformed Serw-4 in all studied traits, except for the refractive index, where no significant differences were detected between the two cultivars. Furthermore, the results indicated that the Pactol cultivar fertilized with either 112 kg N ha\u207b\u00b9 or 84 kg N ha\u207b\u00b9 combined with Actosol application produced the tallest plants (160.13 and 159.87 cm), the highest number of branches per plant (7.14 and 7.10), the greatest leaf area index (3.33 and 3.30), the maximum number of siliques per plant (288.09 and 286.43), the highest thousand-seed weight (3.76 and 3.72 g), the highest seed yield per plant (19.02 and 18.92 g), the highest biological yield (11.629 and 11.701 t ha\u207b\u00b9), the highest seed yield (2.662 and 2.648 t ha\u207b\u00b9), and the highest harvest index (22.89 and 22.63%), respectively. However, the highest oil yield (1100.50 kg ha\u207b\u00b9) was obtained from the Pactol cultivar fertilized with 84 kg N ha\u207b\u00b9 combined with Actosol application compared to all other treatments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Accordingly, the results suggest that it is possible to reduce the nitrogen fertilizer rate for the two canola cultivars under study from the recommended rate of 112 kg N ha\u207b\u00b9 to 84 kg N ha\u207b\u00b9 (75% of the recommended rate) when combined with foliar application of the humic compound Actosol. This strategy may contribute to reducing production costs and minimizing environmental impacts under Libyan conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Keywords: Canola, fertilization, growth, seed yield, oil content, refractive index.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f : <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Aboubakr&nbsp; Salih Abdalati&nbsp; Boukeelah<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 _ \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0629 _ \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635: \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0648\u0649 2024\/2025 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629- \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631- \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621- \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0635\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0627 Pactol, Serw-4 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0649 100 % \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0649 (112 \u0643\u062c\u0645 \u0646\/ \u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631)\u060c 75 % \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4850","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category----1-2026"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4850","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4850"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4850\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4851,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4850\/revisions\/4851"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4850"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4850"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4850"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}