{"id":4852,"date":"2026-01-31T09:57:41","date_gmt":"2026-01-31T09:57:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/journal.ziu-university.net\/?p=4852"},"modified":"2026-01-31T09:57:42","modified_gmt":"2026-01-31T09:57:42","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%82-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%ae%d9%84%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%ac%d9%8a-%d9%85%d9%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/?p=4852","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0636\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f 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\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0628\u063a\u0636\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 (Lex Arbitri) \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064e\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u060c \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645\u060c \u060c \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong><br>Arbitration is one of the most prominent alternative mechanisms for dispute resolution in commercial and economic relations, owing to its procedural flexibility, relative neutrality, and efficiency compared to national judicial systems. Arbitration takes multiple forms depending on the nature of the dispute, the place where the proceedings are conducted, and the governing legal framework. Among the most significant of these forms are international arbitration, foreign arbitration, and domestic arbitration. Despite their conceptual overlap, each type has distinct legal and procedural characteristics that directly affect the effectiveness of dispute resolution and the legal force of arbitral awards.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">International arbitration is characterized by the presence of a substantive foreign element, such as differences in the nationalities of the parties, the location of their commercial activities, or the nature of the transaction in dispute. It is generally governed by international legal frameworks, treaties, and the rules of internationally recognized arbitral institutions, which enhances the cross-border enforceability of arbitral awards.<br>Foreign arbitration, by contrast, refers to arbitration proceedings conducted outside the state to which the disputing parties belong, regardless of the legal nature of their relationship. This form of arbitration is subject to the law of the seat of arbitration (lex arbitri), whose procedural and judicial rules may significantly influence the conduct and outcome of the proceedings.<br>Domestic arbitration, on the other hand, is conducted within the territorial boundaries of a single state and is governed by its national legislation. It is more closely connected to the domestic legal order and generally involves fewer complexities with respect to recognition and enforcement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Distinguishing between international, foreign, and domestic arbitration is of particular importance, as it enables parties to select the most appropriate arbitral framework for their commercial transactions and legal risks. Such differentiation also contributes to more informed contractual drafting of arbitration clauses and helps avoid jurisdictional conflicts, uncertainties regarding the applicable law, and enforcement challenges. The study concludes that a precise understanding of the distinctions between these types of arbitration is a decisive factor in enhancing the efficiency of dispute resolution mechanisms and promoting legal certainty in contemporary commercial relations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Keywords: Commercial arbitration, international arbitration, dispute resolution, seat of arbitration, enforcement of arbitral awards, Mauritania.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062f<\/strong><br><strong>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><\/table><\/figure>\n\r\n\t\t<div class=\"review_wrap\">\r\n\t\t\t<div id=\"review-box\" class=\"review-box review-bottom review-stars\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-summary\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-final-score\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span title=\"\" class=\"post-large-rate stars-large\"><span style=\"width:0%\"><\/span><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><\/h4>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-short-summary\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1dqOM1AZyE7I5IleALYu0tgn8N9Iz6SAA\/view?usp=drive_link\" class=\"taq-button taq-medium taq-square taq-flat\" style=\"background-color:#a0ce4e\" target=\"_blank\"><i class=\"fa fa-download\"><\/i><span class=\"button-text\">Download<\/span><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"user-rate-wrap\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"user-rating-text\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<strong>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646: <\/strong>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"taq-score\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<small>\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 !<\/small>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<div data-rate=\"0\" data-id=\"4852\" class=\"user-rate taq-user-rate-active\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"user-rate-image post-large-rate stars-large\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"width:0%\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"taq-clear\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635: \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a 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&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4852","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","","category----1-2026"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4852","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4852"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4852\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4853,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4852\/revisions\/4853"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4852"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4852"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4852"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}