{"id":4868,"date":"2026-01-31T10:12:32","date_gmt":"2026-01-31T10:12:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/journal.ziu-university.net\/?p=4868"},"modified":"2026-01-31T10:12:33","modified_gmt":"2026-01-31T10:12:33","slug":"%d8%a3%d9%88%d8%ac%d9%87-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%87-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d8%ba%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/?p=4868","title":{"rendered":"\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u00a0&#8220;\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629&#8221;"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632<\/strong> \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0643\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d\u0647 \u0645\u0646 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\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0628\u060c \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 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\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong><br>This study examines the phenomenon of <strong>metaphor<\/strong> as one of the central topics in rhetoric, adopting a comparative approach between the Arabic language and Pashto. It aims to identify points of similarity in the conceptualization, structure, and rhetorical function of metaphor, as well as to clarify the distinctive features of its usage in both languages. The study is grounded in the classical distinction between literal and figurative language, whereby lexical items in both languages are employed either according to their original meanings or through semantic deviation to achieve rhetorical purposes, most notably emphasis, expansion of meaning, and simile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The study highlights metaphor as a fundamental expressive device in the construction of human discourse, given its capacity to intensify meaning, evoke emotion, and broaden semantic horizons. Through metaphor, language transcends the limitations of literal expression and becomes capable of conveying deep and complex meanings rooted in human experience. The findings further demonstrate that the theoretical concept of metaphor does not differ substantially between Arabic and Pashto; in both traditions, metaphor is defined as the use of a word in a meaning other than its original conventional sense, based on a recognized semantic relationship and accompanied by a contextual indicator that prevents the literal interpretation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The significance of this study lies in its contribution to comparative linguistic research by addressing metaphor as a shared area of inquiry among rhetoricians, legal theorists, and linguists in both languages. Moreover, it opens new perspectives for comparative rhetorical studies by systematically examining metaphor in Arabic classical rhetoric, with its various categories and subdivisions, alongside metaphor in Pashto. The study adopts a descriptive and analytical approach based on an extensive survey of metaphorical categories in both languages, followed by a comparative analysis to identify convergences in conceptual and functional usage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Keywords: Metaphor, rhetoric, comparative linguistics, Arabic and Pashto.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f : <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;\u0641\u0642\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u2013 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/p>\n\r\n\t\t<div class=\"review_wrap\">\r\n\t\t\t<div id=\"review-box\" class=\"review-box review-bottom review-stars\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-summary\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-final-score\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span title=\"\" class=\"post-large-rate stars-large\"><span style=\"width:0%\"><\/span><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><\/h4>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-short-summary\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1eIXs4YPZwPJeTKpipmcJfhC6bW6loTzX\/view?usp=drive_link\" class=\"taq-button taq-medium taq-square taq-flat\" style=\"background-color:#a0ce4e\" target=\"_blank\"><i class=\"fa fa-download\"><\/i><span class=\"button-text\">Download<\/span><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"user-rate-wrap\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"user-rating-text\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<strong>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646: <\/strong>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"taq-score\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<small>\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 !<\/small>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<div data-rate=\"0\" data-id=\"4868\" class=\"user-rate taq-user-rate-active\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"user-rate-image post-large-rate stars-large\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"width:0%\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"taq-clear\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635: \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 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&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[159],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4868","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","","category----2"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4868","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4868"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4868\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4869,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4868\/revisions\/4869"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4868"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4868"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4868"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}