{"id":4925,"date":"2026-03-02T08:16:04","date_gmt":"2026-03-02T08:16:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/journal.ziu-university.net\/?p=4925"},"modified":"2026-03-02T08:16:05","modified_gmt":"2026-03-02T08:16:05","slug":"association-of-fsh-lh-testosterone-with-fertility-status-in-infertile-men-a-comparative-study","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/?p=4925","title":{"rendered":"Association of FSH, LH, Testosterone with Fertility Status in Infertile Men&#8221; A Comparative Study&#8221;"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Introduction:&nbsp;Infertility is a multifactorial health problem affecting the biological, psychological, and social aspects of individuals and families. Male factors contribute significantly to a substantial proportion of infertility cases. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between reproductive hormones (FSH, LH, and testosterone) and fertility status in men diagnosed with infertility.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Materials and Methods:&nbsp;The study included 55 men (30 infertile patients and 25 controls) recruited from the Infertility Center in Sabha. Blood and semen samples were collected, and body mass index (BMI) was measured to assess reproductive hormone levels and semen parameters according to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2021 guidelines. Data were analyzed using SPSS and Excel. Relationships between variables were evaluated using Spearman&#8217;s correlation, with significance set at p \u2264 0.05.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Results:&nbsp;Infertile men were older and had a higher BMI compared to the control group. Hormonal analysis revealed significantly elevated levels of FSH and LH accompanied by a significant reduction in testosterone levels. Semen parameters (sperm concentration, progressive motility, and normal morphology) were markedly impaired in infertile individuals. Correlation analyses demonstrated a positive association between FSH and LH with both age and BMI, while both hormones were negatively correlated with sperm motility and normal morphology. Testosterone showed a negative correlation with FSH and LH and a positive correlation with sperm motility and normal morphology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Conclusion:&nbsp;Male infertility is often associated with the interplay of demographic, physical, and hormonal factors. Advanced age and obesity may indirectly impair testicular function through effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis. The observed pattern of elevated FSH and LH with reduced testosterone indicates primary testicular dysfunction and diminished semen quality. Therefore, an integrated assessment of demographic and hormonal variables is essential for understanding the mechanisms underlying male infertility and for developing appropriate therapeutic strategies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Keywords:&nbsp;Male Infertility; Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH); Luteinizing Hormone (LH); Testosterone; Semen Analysis; Semen Quality; Body Mass Index (BMI); Fertility.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631. \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0645. \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628 FSH\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062a\u0646 LH\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646) \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:&nbsp;\u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 55 \u0631\u062c\u0644\u0627\u064b (30 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0645 \u064825 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629)\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 2021. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u064a SPSS \u0648Excel\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u2264 0.05.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c:&nbsp;\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629. \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a FSH \u0648LH \u0645\u0635\u062d\u0648\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u064a (\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a) \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0645. \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 FSH \u0648LH \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a. \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 FSH \u0648LH \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c:&nbsp;\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0627\u0626\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0627\u0645\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u064a. \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a FSH \u0648LH \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062d\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0644 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u064a. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629:&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628 (FSH)\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062a\u0646 (LH)\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u061b \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u064a\u061b \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u064a\u061b \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 (BMI)\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">BY : <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><strong>Abdulkader Saad Ahmeda Almatri<\/strong><br><strong>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Prof. Ibrahim Ali Muhammed Ishnaf<\/strong><br><strong>\u0627.\u062f. \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0641<\/strong><br><\/th><\/tr><tr><th colspan=\"2\"><strong>Maryam Mohammed Basher Abdulla<\/strong><br><strong>\u0623.\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647<\/strong><br><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u2013\u00a0 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u2013\u00a0 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><\/table><\/figure>\n\r\n\t\t<div class=\"review_wrap\">\r\n\t\t\t<div id=\"review-box\" class=\"review-box review-bottom review-stars\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-summary\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-final-score\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span title=\"\" class=\"post-large-rate stars-large\"><span style=\"width:0%\"><\/span><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><\/h4>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-short-summary\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1kT1X6kqkZp7qwFcxdc1izjdbFCQDXDyz\/view?usp=drive_link\" class=\"taq-button taq-medium taq-square taq-flat\" style=\"background-color:#a0ce4e\" target=\"_blank\"><i class=\"fa fa-download\"><\/i><span class=\"button-text\">Download<\/span><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"user-rate-wrap\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"user-rating-text\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<strong>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646: <\/strong>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"taq-score\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<small>\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 !<\/small>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<div data-rate=\"0\" data-id=\"4925\" class=\"user-rate taq-user-rate-active\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"user-rate-image post-large-rate stars-large\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"width:0%\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"taq-clear\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Abstract Introduction:&nbsp;Infertility is a multifactorial health problem affecting the biological, psychological, and social aspects of individuals and families. Male factors contribute significantly to a substantial proportion of infertility cases. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between reproductive hormones (FSH, LH, and testosterone) and fertility status in men diagnosed with infertility. Materials and Methods:&nbsp;The study &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[160],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4925","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","","category-160"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4925","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4925"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4925\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4926,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4925\/revisions\/4926"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4925"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4925"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4925"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}