{"id":4992,"date":"2026-04-30T08:31:46","date_gmt":"2026-04-30T08:31:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/journal.ziu-university.net\/?p=4992"},"modified":"2026-04-30T08:31:49","modified_gmt":"2026-04-30T08:31:49","slug":"principles-of-just-leadership-in-islamic-history-insights-from-umar-ibn-al-khattab","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/?p=4992","title":{"rendered":"Principles of Just Leadership in Islamic History &#8221; Insights from Umar ibn al-Khattab\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>&#8221; \u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628&#8221;<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 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\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Abstract&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This study aims to highlight the model of just leadership through the personality of Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) by analyzing his biography and major leadership practices in governance and administration. The research focuses on key leadership traits such as justice, piety, responsibility, consultation (shura), and firmness, in addition to examining practical examples from his administration, including judicial organization, administrative system development, public treasury management, and supervision of governors. The study also explores the impact of his leadership on political stability and public trust, while extracting contemporary lessons applicable to modern leadership systems. The research adopts a descriptive-analytical approach and relies on authentic Islamic sources. The study concludes that Umar\u2019s leadership represents a comprehensive model of righteous governance based on ethical values, institutional organization, and social justice, making it a valuable reference for contemporary leadership.&nbsp;<strong>Keywords<\/strong>: <strong>Umar ibn al-Khattab, Just Leadership, Rightly Guided Caliphatel Justice in Islam Shura, Islamic Administration, Public Treasury, Judicial System, Accountability and Oversight, Political Stability<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f : <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mohammad Hilal Darwish\u00b9, Nasirullah Kanwal\u00b2,<br>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0634\u060c \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u00b9 Department of Islamic Culture, Faculty of Sharia, Nangarhar University, Afghanistan<br>\u00b2 Department of Islamic Culture, Faculty of Sharia, Parwan University, Afghanistan<\/em><\/p>\n\r\n\t\t<div class=\"review_wrap\">\r\n\t\t\t<div id=\"review-box\" class=\"review-box review-bottom review-stars\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-summary\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-final-score\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span title=\"\" class=\"post-large-rate stars-large\"><span style=\"width:0%\"><\/span><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><\/h4>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-short-summary\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1DLZr1Lg7ONCJcbTWivSHAq1VnQDC28bZ\/view?usp=drive_link\" class=\"taq-button taq-medium taq-square taq-flat\" style=\"background-color:#a0ce4e\" target=\"_blank\"><i class=\"fa fa-download\"><\/i><span class=\"button-text\">Download<\/span><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"user-rate-wrap\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"user-rating-text\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<strong>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646: <\/strong>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"taq-score\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<small>\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 !<\/small>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<div data-rate=\"0\" data-id=\"4992\" class=\"user-rate taq-user-rate-active\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"user-rate-image post-large-rate stars-large\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"width:0%\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"taq-clear\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a &#8221; \u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635: \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u060c &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[162],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4992","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","","category-162"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4992","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4992"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4992\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4993,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4992\/revisions\/4993"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4992"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4992"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4992"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}