{"id":5037,"date":"2026-05-31T08:15:33","date_gmt":"2026-05-31T08:15:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/journal.ziu-university.net\/?p=5037"},"modified":"2026-05-31T08:15:35","modified_gmt":"2026-05-31T08:15:35","slug":"challenges-facing-turkish-and-iranian-policies-in-the-region","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/?p=5037","title":{"rendered":"Challenges Facing Turkish and Iranian Policies in the Region"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Abstract&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This research addresses the topic of geopolitical rivalry between Turkey and Iran in Syria by analyzing the historical backgrounds, sectarian dimensions, and strategic interests that shape the relationship between the two countries. It also examines the regional policies of both states toward conflict zones in the region, where their interests clearly intersect and diverge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The study employs a comparative analytical approach to understand the nature of this rivalry and its various tools, which range from soft power\u2014such as ideology and diplomacy\u2014to hard power, including military intervention and logistical support to local actors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In addition, the research highlights key historical milestones to better understand the historical context of this rivalry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The study concludes that the relationship between Turkey and Iran is characterized by complexity, combining both rivalry and cooperation. This makes the future of their relationship dependent on the dynamics of regional and international transformations, as well as each side\u2019s ability to effectively utilize its tools within a highly fluid and volatile strategic environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Keywords: Geopolitical Rivalry, Turkish Policy, Iranian Policy, Middle East, Regional Influence<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0624\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u064a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0646\u064d \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0647\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">BY : <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yaser Abdo Al-Ghazal\u00b9, Wael Zaid Al-Safadi\u00b2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u00b9\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062f\u064a\u00b2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u00b9 Master\u2019s Student, Department of International Relations, College of Graduate Studies and Scientific Research, Zaytoonah International University, Syria.<\/em><em><br><\/em><em>\u00b2 Lecturer, Department of International Relations, College of Graduate Studies and Scientific Research, Zaytoonah International University, Syria.<\/em><em>Corresponding Author: Yaser Abdo Al-Ghazal<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\r\n\t\t<div class=\"review_wrap\">\r\n\t\t\t<div id=\"review-box\" class=\"review-box review-bottom review-stars\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-summary\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-final-score\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span title=\"\" class=\"post-large-rate stars-large\"><span style=\"width:0%\"><\/span><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><\/h4>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-short-summary\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/10i603NMW-wyno0YmK2GaPY4pUaW8OPMZ\/view?usp=drive_link\" class=\"taq-button taq-medium taq-square taq-flat\" style=\"background-color:#a0ce4e\" target=\"_blank\"><i class=\"fa fa-download\"><\/i><span class=\"button-text\">Download<\/span><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"user-rate-wrap\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"user-rating-text\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<strong>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646: <\/strong>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"taq-score\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<small>\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 !<\/small>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<div data-rate=\"0\" data-id=\"5037\" class=\"user-rate taq-user-rate-active\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"user-rate-image post-large-rate stars-large\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"width:0%\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"taq-clear\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Abstract&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; This research addresses the topic of geopolitical rivalry between Turkey and Iran in Syria by analyzing the historical backgrounds, sectarian dimensions, and strategic interests that shape the relationship between the two countries. It also examines the regional policies of both states toward conflict zones in the region, where their interests clearly intersect and diverge. &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[163],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5037","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","","category-163"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5037","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5037"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5037\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5038,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5037\/revisions\/5038"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5037"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5037"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5037"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}