{"id":5325,"date":"2026-09-11T06:04:45","date_gmt":"2026-09-11T06:04:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/?p=5325"},"modified":"2026-09-11T06:04:47","modified_gmt":"2026-09-11T06:04:47","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%b7%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%87-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a3%d8%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/?p=5325","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 ((1916-1956\u0645))"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This study aimed to examine British policies toward tribal entities and instruments of governance in Darfur, following their activation and utilization to ensure the allegiance of tribal administrations and to mobilize heritage in their service.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The study adopted historical, descriptive, and analytical methodologies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The findings indicate that the British administration made extensive use of tribal administrations, governance instruments, and heritage in Darfur after imbuing them with a colonial character to serve its objectives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The researcher recommends that scholars devote greater attention to the study of tribal systems (_Native Administrations_) in order to extricate them from the entrenched tribalism inherited from colonialism, to upgrade them, and to integrate them within comprehensive national framework<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a. \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a: \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0635\u0628\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627. \u064a\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629) \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0645\u064a\u0633\u00b9<\/strong><strong>*<\/strong><br><strong>Mohamed Mokhtar Mohamed Khamis\u00b9*<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00b9 <strong>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\r\n\t\t<div class=\"review_wrap\">\r\n\t\t\t<div id=\"review-box\" class=\"review-box review-bottom review-stars\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-summary\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-final-score\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span title=\"\" class=\"post-large-rate stars-large\"><span style=\"width:0%\"><\/span><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><\/h4>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-short-summary\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1wLPnB5xnL7oa08YrJ-9GzmrjmWVxXP75\/view?usp=drive_link\" class=\"taq-button taq-medium taq-square taq-flat\" style=\"background-color:#a0ce4e\" target=\"_blank\"><i class=\"fa fa-download\"><\/i><span class=\"button-text\">Download<\/span><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"user-rate-wrap\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"user-rating-text\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<strong>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646: <\/strong>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"taq-score\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<small>\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 !<\/small>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<div data-rate=\"0\" data-id=\"5325\" class=\"user-rate taq-user-rate-active\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"user-rate-image post-large-rate stars-large\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"width:0%\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"taq-clear\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Abstract This study aimed to examine British policies toward tribal entities and instruments of governance in Darfur, following their activation and utilization to ensure the allegiance of tribal administrations and to mobilize heritage in their service. The study adopted historical, descriptive, and analytical methodologies. The findings indicate that the British administration made extensive use of &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[167],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5325","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","","category-167"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5325","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5325"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5325\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5326,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5325\/revisions\/5326"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5325"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5325"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5325"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}