{"id":5357,"date":"2026-10-01T17:08:09","date_gmt":"2026-10-01T17:08:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/?p=5357"},"modified":"2026-10-01T17:08:11","modified_gmt":"2026-10-01T17:08:11","slug":"the-subsidiary-evidence-upon-which-the-rightly-guided-caliphs-relied-in-their-legitimate-policy-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%af%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a8%d8%b9%d9%8a%d9%91%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/?p=5357","title":{"rendered":"The Subsidiary Evidence upon which the Rightly Guided Caliphs Relied in Their Legitimate policy       \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This research examines the subsidiary (inferential) legal evidences underlying Siy\u0101sah Shar\u02bfiyyah (Islamic governance) during the era of the Rightly Guided Caliphs. It investigates the extent to which political and administrative decisions were governed by these evidences and by the general principles of Islamic law. The study aims to clarify the concept of subsidiary legal evidences, identify their role in Siy\u0101sah Shar\u02bfiyyah, and demonstrate how the Rightly Guided Caliphs relied upon them in their political and administrative practices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The research employs an integrated methodology, combining the inductive approach to examine relevant textual and historical sources with the descriptive-analytical approach to analyze and establish their juristic foundations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The findings reveal that Siy\u0101sah Shar\u02bfiyyah is not merely based on discretionary public interest (al-ma\u1e63la\u1e25ah al-mursalah), but rather on a coherent legal framework grounded in subsidiary evidences, general juristic principles, and the higher objectives (maq\u0101\u1e63id) of Islamic law. The study further demonstrates that the political conduct of the Rightly Guided Caliphs was largely based on these evidences and principles, and that their unanimous decisions constitute an authoritative source in Islamic jurisprudence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The study recommends further research into the relationship between Siy\u0101sah Shar\u02bfiyyah, subsidiary legal evidences, and the universal principles of Shar\u012b\u02bfah to develop well-founded responses to contemporary political and governance issues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Keywords: Subsidiary Legal Evidences; Siy<\/strong><strong>\u0101<\/strong><strong>sah Shar<\/strong><strong>\u02bf<\/strong><strong>iyyah; Rightly Guided Caliphs.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;\u064a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a: \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627: \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u062a \u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Murad Rayeq Odeh<\/em><\/strong><em><sup>1<\/sup><\/em><em>,<\/em> <strong><em>Khaled Ghazi Ahmad Al-Toukhi<\/em><\/strong><em><sup>2<\/sup><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0627\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u062e\u064a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><sup>1<\/sup><\/em><em>Associate professor, Dept. of Legislation, An-Najah National University., Palestine, &amp; Professor of Jurisprudence, Islamic Univ., Minnesota, USA,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><sup>2<\/sup><\/em><em>Doctoral Candidate, Faculty of Sharia, Department of Fiqh and Usul al-Fiqh, An-Najah National University., Palestin<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">E.mail:<a href=\"mailto:murad.odeh@najah.edu\">murad.odeh@najah.edu<\/a><\/p>\n\r\n\t\t<div class=\"review_wrap\">\r\n\t\t\t<div id=\"review-box\" class=\"review-box review-bottom review-stars\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-summary\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-final-score\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span title=\"\" class=\"post-large-rate stars-large\"><span style=\"width:0%\"><\/span><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><\/h4>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-short-summary\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/12KEg-ExxQGzrzRrIWSYcvJblI8AbPy_H\/view?usp=drive_link\" class=\"taq-button taq-medium taq-square taq-flat\" style=\"background-color:#a0ce4e\" target=\"_blank\"><i class=\"fa fa-download\"><\/i><span class=\"button-text\">Download<\/span><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"user-rate-wrap\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"user-rating-text\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<strong>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646: <\/strong>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"taq-score\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<small>\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 !<\/small>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<div data-rate=\"0\" data-id=\"5357\" class=\"user-rate taq-user-rate-active\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"user-rate-image post-large-rate stars-large\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"width:0%\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"taq-clear\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Abstract This research examines the subsidiary (inferential) legal evidences underlying Siy\u0101sah Shar\u02bfiyyah (Islamic governance) during the era of the Rightly Guided Caliphs. It investigates the extent to which political and administrative decisions were governed by these evidences and by the general principles of Islamic law. The study aims to clarify the concept of subsidiary legal &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[168],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5357","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","","category-168"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5357","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5357"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5357\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5358,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5357\/revisions\/5358"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5357"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5357"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5357"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}