{"id":5361,"date":"2026-10-01T17:14:53","date_gmt":"2026-10-01T17:14:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/?p=5361"},"modified":"2026-10-01T17:14:55","modified_gmt":"2026-10-01T17:14:55","slug":"the-libyan-consulates-and-their-role-in-developing-trade-economic-and-cultural-relations-chad-and-niger-as-case-studies-1980-2025-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d9%86%d8%b5%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/?p=5361","title":{"rendered":"The Libyan Consulates and Their Role in Developing Trade, Economic, and Cultural Relations &#8221; Chad and Niger as Case Studies (1980\u20132025)&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 &#8221; \u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 1980-2025\u0645&#8221;"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This study aims to identify the role of Libyan consulates in the Sahel countries, taking Chad and Niger as case studies, by tracing the development of Libyan-Chadian and Libyan-Nigerien relations and examining the nature of the roles played by Libyan consulates in consular, administrative, economic, social, and cultural domains. The study adopted the historical method to trace the development of relations between Libya and both Chad and Niger, and the stages of establishing consulates and the evolution of their functions, alongside the descriptive method to present and analyze their activities, services, and various roles. The study found that Libyan consulates did not confine themselves to performing their traditional consular functions, but also contributed to caring for Libyan communities, facilitating the movement of individuals and traders, stimulating commercial exchanges\u2014particularly border trade\u2014and enhancing social and cultural communication, in addition to contributing to addressing certain humanitarian and border issues. The study also showed that the consulates played an important role in supporting cooperation and strengthening the bonds of relations between Libya, Chad, and Niger, especially in border areas that constitute a vital sphere for economic, social, and cultural interaction. The study recommended the necessity of strengthening the consular role and diplomacy, developing mechanisms for commercial and economic cooperation, supporting the establishment and activation of border free zones, digitizing consular services, encouraging joint investments, and expanding the scope of cultural and social activities in a way that contributes to enhancing Libyan relations with the Sahel countries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Keywords:Libyan Consulates, Libya, Chad, Niger, Sahel Countries, Consular Relations, Border Trade.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0644\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Makin Abdoulaye youssif<sup>1<\/sup>, Izadin Maki Ishakh <sup>2<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u060c \u0639\u0632\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u064a \u0625\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0642<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><sup>1<\/sup><\/em><em>D\u00e9partement D\u2019histoire, Faculte De Lettres, D\u2019arts Et Sciences Humaines Universit\u00e9 Adam Barka d\u2019Ab\u00e9ch\u00e9 &#8211; Tchad<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><sup>2<\/sup><\/em> <em>D\u00e9partement D\u2019histoire, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences Humaines des lettres de la Communication et arts, Universit\u00e9 Roi Fay\u00e7al du Tchad.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>E.mail:<\/em><a href=\"mailto:abakarassileck1@gmail.com\"><em>abakarassileck1@gmail.com<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\r\n\t\t<div class=\"review_wrap\">\r\n\t\t\t<div id=\"review-box\" class=\"review-box review-bottom review-stars\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-summary\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-final-score\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span title=\"\" class=\"post-large-rate stars-large\"><span style=\"width:0%\"><\/span><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><\/h4>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"review-short-summary\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1-J1eG6_XvobuOKjMLWs0OYB2KN-U95RO\/view?usp=drive_link\" class=\"taq-button taq-medium taq-square taq-flat\" style=\"background-color:#a0ce4e\" target=\"_blank\"><i class=\"fa fa-download\"><\/i><span class=\"button-text\">Download<\/span><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"user-rate-wrap\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"user-rating-text\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<strong>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646: <\/strong>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"taq-score\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<small>\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 !<\/small>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<div data-rate=\"0\" data-id=\"5361\" class=\"user-rate taq-user-rate-active\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"user-rate-image post-large-rate stars-large\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"width:0%\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"taq-clear\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Abstract: This study aims to identify the role of Libyan consulates in the Sahel countries, taking Chad and Niger as case studies, by tracing the development of Libyan-Chadian and Libyan-Nigerien relations and examining the nature of the roles played by Libyan consulates in consular, administrative, economic, social, and cultural domains. The study adopted the historical &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[168],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5361","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","","category-168"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5361","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5361"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5361\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5362,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5361\/revisions\/5362"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5361"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5361"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ziu.edu.sy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5361"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}